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Health human resources (“HHR”) — also known as “human resources for health” (“HRH”) or “health workforce” — is defined as “all people engaged in actions whose primary intent is to enhance health”, according to the World Health Organization's ''World Health Report 2006''.〔World Health Organization. ''The world health report 2006: working together for health'', Geneva, 2006 – http://www.who.int/whr/2006〕 Human resources for health are identified as one of the core building blocks of a health system.〔World Health Organization. ''Health Systems Topics'' http://www.who.int/healthsystems/topics/en/index.html〕 They include physicians, nurses, advanced practice registered nurses, midwives, dentists, allied health professions, community health workers, social health workers and other health care providers, as well as health management and support personnel – those who may not deliver services directly but are essential to effective health system functioning, including health services managers, medical records and health information technicians, health economists, health supply chain managers, medical secretaries, and others. The field of health human resources deals with issues such as planning, development, performance, management, retention, information, and research on human resources for the health care sector. In recent years, raising awareness of the critical role of HRH in strengthening health system performance and improving population health outcomes has placed the health workforce high on the global health agenda.〔Grepin K, Savedoff WD. "10 Best Resources on ... health workers in developing countries." ''Health Policy and Planning'', 2009; 24(6):479–482 http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/24/6/479〕 == Global situation == The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates a shortage of almost 4.3 million physicians, midwives, nurses and support workers worldwide.〔 The shortage is most severe in 57 of the poorest countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The situation was declared on World Health Day 2006 as a "health workforce crisis" – the result of decades of underinvestment in health worker education, training, wages, working environment and management. Shortages of skilled for health workers are also reported in many specific care areas. For example, there is an estimated shortage of 1.18 million mental health professionals, including 55,000 psychiatrists, 628,000 nurses in mental health settings, and 493,000 psychosocial care providers needed to treat mental disorders in 144 low- and middle-income countries.〔Scheffler RM et al. ''Human resources for mental health: workforce shortages in low- and middle-income countries''. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2011 – available on http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241501019_eng.pdf〕 Shortages of skilled birth attendants in many developing countries remains an important barrier to improving maternal health outcomes. Many countries, both developed and developing, report maldistribution of skilled health workers leading to shortages in rural and underserved areas. Regular statistical updates on the global HHR situation are collated in the WHO ''Global Atlas of the Health Workforce''.〔World Health Organization. ''Global Atlas of the Health Workforce'' (database ) – available on http://www.who.int/globalatlas/autologin/hrh_login.asp〕 However the evidence base remains fragmented and incomplete, largely related to weaknesses in the underlying human resource information systems (HRIS) within countries.〔Dal Poz MR et al. (eds). ''Handbook on monitoring and evaluation of human resources for health'', Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 – available on http://www.who.int/hrh/resources/handbook/en/index.html〕 In order to learn from best practices in addressing health workforce challenges and strengthening the evidence base, an increasing number of HHR practitioners from around the world are focusing on issues such as HHR advocacy, surveillance and collaborative practice. Some examples of global HRH partnerships include: * (Health Workforce Information Reference Group (HIRG) ) * (Global Health Workforce Alliance ) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Health human resources」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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